Naxalism, also known as left‑wing extremism, has been one of India’s most persistent internal security challenges. Rooted in socio‑economic grievances, it has evolved into armed insurgency affecting several states. This GD topic tests aspirants on awareness of governance, security, and leadership.
Positive Side (Steps Taken Against Naxalism)
- Security Operations: Armed forces and paramilitary units conduct counter‑insurgency missions.
- Development Schemes: Government invests in roads, schools, and healthcare in affected areas.
- Rehabilitation Programs: Surrender and reintegration schemes for former extremists.
- Technology Use: Drones and surveillance strengthen intelligence.
- Community Engagement: Awareness campaigns reduce extremist influence.
Negative Side (Challenges & Concerns)
- Socio‑Economic Roots: Poverty, unemployment, and land disputes fuel extremism.
- Geographical Spread: Dense forests and remote areas provide safe havens.
- Civilian Impact: Villagers caught between extremists and security forces.
- Funding & Recruitment: Extremists exploit local grievances to recruit youth.
- Policy Gaps: Coordination between states and center sometimes weak.
Officer‑Like Perspective
- Naxalism is not just about insurgency—it is about morale, unity, and national stability.
- Future officers must understand how socio‑economic development complements military action.
- Balanced leadership means combining force with empathy and governance.
Conclusion
Naxalism is an internal threat that requires a multi‑pronged approach. Aspirants should conclude GD with a solution‑oriented stance:
“Development and security must go hand in hand. India must defeat extremism with strength and inclusivity.”
Practice GD Questions for Aspirants
- Is Naxalism more a socio‑economic issue or a security issue?
- Should India prioritize development or military action in affected areas?
- How can youth be prevented from joining extremist movements?
- Is Naxalism India’s biggest internal security challenge?
- Can rehabilitation programs truly end extremism?
